Basic Photography Course

APPENDIX I

GLOSSARY

ABERRATION

A defect in the formation of an optical

image; for example, astigmatism, chromatic
aberration, curvature of field, and so forth.

ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE

The temperature

measured from absolute zero. Expressed as degrees

Kelvin (°K) in the Centigrade system where
absolute zero is 273°C or in degrees Rankine in

the Fahrenheit system where absolute zero is
459°F on the scale.

ACCELERATOR

Chemical constituent of photo

graphic developers that activates the developing
agent and swells the gelatin to hasten penetration of
the solution. See SODIUM HYDROXIDE,
SODIUM CARBONATE, SODIUM META
BORATE, and SODIUM BORATE.

ACHROMATIC COLORS

Colors perceived as

having no hue (white, black, gray, and silver).

ACHROMATISM

The absence of chromatic

aberration.

ACID, ACETIC

A colorless liquid of pungent odor

used in stop baths and in fixing baths. In
concentrated form it attacks the skin and produces
painful blisters. A concentrated solution of 99%
solidifies at 62°F and forms a mass resembling ice
(Glacial AceticAcid).

ACID, BORIC (BORACIC ACID) H

Colorless, odorless, transparent crystals, or a white
amorphous powder. Slightly soluble in water and
more soluble in glycerine and alcohol. Used in
toning and fixing baths.

ACID, SULFURIC, H

syrupy, odorless liquid,

colorless or slightly yellow. Used for preparing a
traycleaning solution and in fixing and reducing
solutions.

ACTION

Movement within a scene being photo

graphed. Also, the picture portion of a motion
picture as differentiated from the sound track
portion.

ACUTANCE

An objective measure of the ability of a

photographic material to show a sharp line of
demarcation between contiguous areas receiving
low and high exposures. It correlates well with

subjective judgments of picture sharpness. It is the
mean of the square of the density gradients times the

density scale over a boundary.

ADDITIVE PROCESS

Any color process in which a

reproduction is formed by a combination of images
each of which supplies color in proportion to the
color observed in the original scene. In a typical,
threecolor additive process, the colors of the
images are blue, green, and red. See SUB
TRACTIVE PROCESS.

AGC

Automatic gain control. Regulates the volume of

the audio or video light levels automatically within
a camcorder.

AGITATION

The act of moving a photographic film,

plate, or paper in a processing bath or moving the
bath relative to the photographic material during
processing.

AIR BELLS

( 1) Air bells are bubbles of air that prevent

contact between a processing bath and localized
areas on the surface of a photographic material.
(ASA) (2) Undeveloped spots on negatives or
prints caused by air bubbles, preventing access of
developer.

ALKALI

A water soluble compound capable of

uniting with and neutralizing acids. The alkalies
commonly used for photographic processing baths
are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide,
sodium carbonate (monohydrate and anhydrous),
potassium carbonate, sodium tetraborate, sodium
metaborate, and ammonium hydroxide.

AMBIENT SOUND

Background sound or wild

sound. Sound that surrounds the scene or location,
received by the microphone and recorded onto
magnetic tape.

AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE, (NH

)

white salt freely soluble in water. Used in the

preparation of rapidfixing solutions.

ANALOG

An analog signal that fluctuates exactly like

the original stimulus (for example, sweep
secondhand clock, phonograph player).

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DOFMaster for Windows On-line Depth of Field Calculator DOFMaster for Mobile Devices On-line Depth of Field Table Hyperfocal Distance Chart Articles FAQ Recommended Books Support Contact Links Home As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.	contents <- previous page next page -> APPENDIX I GLOSSARY ABERRATION A defect in the formation of an optical image; for example, astigmatism, chromatic aberration, curvature of field, and so forth. ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE The temperature measured from absolute zero. Expressed as degrees Kelvin (°K) in the Centigrade system where absolute zero is 273°C or in degrees Rankine in the Fahrenheit system where absolute zero is 459°F on the scale. ACCELERATOR Chemical constituent of photo graphic developers that activates the developing agent and swells the gelatin to hasten penetration of the solution. See SODIUM HYDROXIDE, SODIUM CARBONATE, SODIUM META BORATE, and SODIUM BORATE. ACHROMATIC COLORS Colors perceived as having no hue (white, black, gray, and silver). ACHROMATISM The absence of chromatic aberration. ACID, ACETIC A colorless liquid of pungent odor used in stop baths and in fixing baths. In concentrated form it attacks the skin and produces painful blisters. A concentrated solution of 99% solidifies at 62°F and forms a mass resembling ice (Glacial AceticAcid). ACID, BORIC (BORACIC ACID) H 3 BO 3 Colorless, odorless, transparent crystals, or a white amorphous powder. Slightly soluble in water and more soluble in glycerine and alcohol. Used in toning and fixing baths. ACID, SULFURIC, H 2 SO 4 syrupy, odorless liquid, colorless or slightly yellow. Used for preparing a traycleaning solution and in fixing and reducing solutions. ACTION Movement within a scene being photo graphed. Also, the picture portion of a motion picture as differentiated from the sound track portion. ACUTANCE An objective measure of the ability of a photographic material to show a sharp line of demarcation between contiguous areas receiving low and high exposures. It correlates well with subjective judgments of picture sharpness. It is the mean of the square of the density gradients times the density scale over a boundary. ADDITIVE PROCESS Any color process in which a reproduction is formed by a combination of images each of which supplies color in proportion to the color observed in the original scene. In a typical, threecolor additive process, the colors of the images are blue, green, and red. See SUB TRACTIVE PROCESS. AGC Automatic gain control. Regulates the volume of the audio or video light levels automatically within a camcorder. AGITATION The act of moving a photographic film, plate, or paper in a processing bath or moving the bath relative to the photographic material during processing. AIR BELLS ( 1) Air bells are bubbles of air that prevent contact between a processing bath and localized areas on the surface of a photographic material. (ASA) (2) Undeveloped spots on negatives or prints caused by air bubbles, preventing access of developer. ALKALI A water soluble compound capable of uniting with and neutralizing acids. The alkalies commonly used for photographic processing baths are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate (monohydrate and anhydrous), potassium carbonate, sodium tetraborate, sodium metaborate, and ammonium hydroxide. AMBIENT SOUND Background sound or wild sound. Sound that surrounds the scene or location, received by the microphone and recorded onto magnetic tape. AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE, (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 3 A white salt freely soluble in water. Used in the preparation of rapidfixing solutions. ANALOG An analog signal that fluctuates exactly like the original stimulus (for example, sweep secondhand clock, phonograph player). AI-1 contents Basic Photography Course <- previous page next page ->	As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.
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